Aug 02, 2006 - 11:10:15 CDT
TWIN BUTTES - To a man, they were for it, and to a woman, they were mostly worried.There was division between those who think an oil refinery on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation is a good idea and those who don't Monday night at Twin Buttes' community hall. Women expressed worry about the air and the water. The men and a few of the women want careful development and the jobs that come with it.
The Environmental Protection Agency is holding public hearings across the reservation this week on a draft environmental impact statement released June 30.
Public comments will be folded into a final impact statement, which could lead to a formal decision by springtime.
The Three Affiliated Tribes would spend an estimated $250 million to build a relatively small refinery - with less than one-third the capacity of the Mandan Refinery - near Makoti on the north side of Lake Sakakawea.
The refinery would process Canadian sand tar oil, which is stripped of heavy pollutants to the color of clear amber before it's piped down the Enbridge line.
They're also asking the Bureau of Indian Affairs to put the refinery land into trust so it's sovereign and not subject to state and local taxes and regulations.
In its environmental draft, the EPA said the 15,000 barrel-per-day refinery would not significantly deteriorate the air quality, a critical base measure for any pollution source.
The minimal air pollution is due to the stripped-down nature of the Canadian oil product.
The biggest pollution issue with the refinery is the wastewater stream, because it would carry almost two dozen toxins and chemicals, including benzene, the most carcinogenic of them all.
The EPA's preferred alternative for the wastewater is under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit.
Bruce Kent, who wrote the draft wastewater permit, said the tribe would be required to treat the wastewater before it could be discharged.
The water would have to be treated to the standard of drinking water before it could be released through a small existing wetlands area, into a tributary, then into the east fork of Shell Creek and 15 miles downstream into Lake Sakakawea.
Kent said the EPA looked at state, federal and tribal criteria and used the most stringent of them all before writing the draft discharge permit.
"Stuff" that's removed from the water during treatment would be buried at a solid or hazardous waste facility, Kent said.
Kent said it's not up to the EPA to decide whether a refinery is a good or bad thing, but to let the tribe in this case decide if they can meet and build to the permit requirements.
"The rules make it difficult and expensive," Kent said.
It's been years since a refinery was built in the country, and Kent said the EPA is only considering one other, a project in Arizona that would be 10 times larger than the tribes' and still needs investors.
Chairman Tex Hall didn't attend the hearing, but he sent a statement saying that time and technology is in the tribe's favor to build a refinery that would have minimal environmental impact and major economic impact.
It's expected to bring 65 full-time jobs and $100 million in annual revenue.
Hall faces re-election this fall and it's unknown whether the political will to invest tribal money in a refinery would survive without him.
Kathy Samuels, a tribal member, said people need to look past the money and the jobs and think about the tribes' future and their role as caretakers of the Earth.
"We need jobs, but we should think of other things that are good for the environment," Samuels said.
Todd Hall, a tribal member, said the project meets and exceeds environmental regulations and he urged the EPA and the BIA to expedite the process.
Elise Packineau said more tribal members are dying of cancer than alcohol-related issues and she'd like to see data to back up the EPA's claim that air pollution would be minor.
Travis Hallam said he's puzzled by the chairman's statement that the refinery would help reduce the county's dependence on foreign oil when it would use Canadian oil anyway.
Hallam said the reservation needs jobs, but it also needs to protect the environment and not turn a blind eye to violations.
Dennis Huber said the tribes should go slow, do the project right and protect the reservation's air and water.
Horace Pipe Jr., whose father is the project manager, said his family would live near the refinery.
"If (my dad) doesn't have a problem living next to it, I don't know why anyone else should," he said.
(Reach reporter Lauren Donovan at 888-303-5511 or lauren@;westriv.com.)

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